US President Signs Executive Order to Withdraw from Key Global Institutions

US President Signs Executive Order to Withdraw from Key Global Institutions

The decision to withdraw from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Paris Agreement, alongside a focus on the "America First" policy, has the potential to significantly alter the norms and institutions governing international cooperation.

Impact of the USA’s Withdrawal:

• Funding Shortages: The US exit could lead to financial shortages within global institutions. For instance, during 2024-25, the US contributed 19% of WHO’s total revenue.
• Undermining Climate Action: 2024 was recorded as the hottest year, with the US being the world’s second-largest emitter of greenhouse gases, following China.

Major Global Institutions and Their Challenges:

• United Nations: The United Nations Security Council (UNSC), the most influential body within the UN, has yet to expand its membership to include more developing countries.
• World Health Organization: The WHO faced institutional shortcomings, including allegations of political bias and partiality, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• World Trade Organization: Disagreements persist over issues such as agricultural subsidies, trade barriers, emerging sectors like e-commerce, and the ongoing trade tensions between the US and China.
• United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1994): During the recent COP29 (Azerbaijan), developing countries’ demand for USD 1.3 trillion in climate funding by 2035 was countered with an agreement for only USD 300 billion.

Needed Reforms in Global Institutions:

• Structural Reforms: There is a need for independent, responsive, and more representative institutions with enhanced accountability, integrity, and legitimacy.
• Increased Financing for Developing Countries: More funding is essential to combat poverty and address global challenges, including climate change.
• Addressing Emerging Challenges: New frameworks are needed to tackle evolving issues like cybersecurity and regional coordination.

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