Nature Study Finds Global Decline in Intraspecific Genetic Diversity

Nature Study Finds Global Decline in Intraspecific Genetic Diversity

A recent study spanning three decades has analyzed data from over 600 species of animals, plants, and fungi across both terrestrial and marine ecosystems.

What is Genetic Diversity?
Genetic diversity refers to the variety of inherited traits within a species, which is crucial for a population's ability to adapt to changing environments. It is vital for the long-term survival of species and helps ensure the resilience of ecosystems.

Key Findings:

• Extent of Genetic Loss: Two-thirds of the studied populations showed a decline in genetic diversity, and fewer than half received any conservation management.

• Impact Areas: Genetic loss occurred across species regardless of their IUCN status, affecting not only rare and threatened species but also more common ones. Birds and mammals, in particular, experienced significant genetic loss.

• Conservation Solutions: Measures such as habitat restoration, disease control, and captive breeding programs could help reverse genetic losses.

Various Initiatives:

• Convention on Biological Diversity’s Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework: This framework includes targets to protect the genetic diversity of all species.

• In-situ Conservation: Includes protected areas like national parks (e.g., Project Tiger).

• Ex-situ Conservation: Involves zoological parks, gene banks, and similar initiatives.

• Technological Advances: Techniques like environmental DNA (eDNA), genome sequencing, and DNA barcoding are improving conservation efforts.

Conclusion:
Protecting genetic diversity is essential for safeguarding biodiversity, helping species adapt to future environmental changes, and ensuring that nature continues to provide valuable benefits to society.

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